In film there is a number of different types of lightings used, each has a specific use and each is extremely important.
this shows the different types of lighting, Typically when filming, a director will have all types of lighting active, this is to eliminate shadow and to make the scene of better quality, however this is extremely hot so therefore actors will have to wear makeup to stop 'shine' as the light will reflect off of their skin, removing he effectiveness of it.
Key lighting
Key lighting is the most important light when it comes to cinematography, the purpose is to highlight an objects form and dimensions. If the key light is not used, it can result in a silhouette effect. Most key lights can be placed in a scene to illuminate a moving object.
back light
The back light creates a 'glow' around a person, usually used within horrors to hide the actual face and features of a person or object by making the light darken out anything in front of it.
filler lighting 3 point
Three point light is the standard method used in film. When using 3 different positions, the cameraman can illuminate the shots subject. it also removes any shadows that would be a result of different lighting.
Under lighting
Under lighting creates a glow when placed below a person, illuminating a shadow behind them which stands much higher than themselves, also darkening their eyes and forehead, this is very important when filming horrors and thrillers as it creates a menacing feel to whoever it is placed upon.
top lighting
top lighting is the opposite to underlighting, creating a glow on the top of a persons face or body, this usually removes shadows behind them as the light is coming from directly above.
low key lighting
Low key lighting is used to create a chiaroscuro effect, the low key lighting only uses one key light which is controlled with a fill light or simple reflector.
high key lighting
High key lighting is the style of lighting that aims to reduce the ratio present in scenes, this is originally done for technological reasons, due to original films not dealing well with contrast ratios. it is often used to present an upbeat mood.